The Core Frameworks
Three primary frameworks are covered in this series. Each addresses a different layer of team functioning and complexity.
1. Team Models — IPO Framework
The foundational Input-Process-Output model and its successor, the IMOI model. Covers the key categories of team inputs (member attributes, composition, context) and outcomes (performance, satisfaction, team viability), and explains the role of emergent states in mediating team processes.
2. Team Models — Multilevel and Dynamic Models
More advanced frameworks that capture the emergent, iterative, and cross-level nature of team learning and effectiveness:
- Crossan et al.’s 4I Model — Intuition, Interpretation, Integration, Institutionalization
- Kostopoulos et al.’s Multilevel Emergence Model — team learning as bottom-up emergence
- Morland et al.’s Multi-level Learning Framework — synchronization of learning cycles through time, communication, and trust
- Harvey et al.’s Team Learning Climate (TLC) Systems View — TLC as a dynamic stock-and-flow system
References
Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W., & White, R. E. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 522–537. https://doi.org/10.2307/259140
Harvey, J.-F., Cromwell, J. R., Johnson, K. J., & Edmondson, A. C. (2023). The dynamics of team learning: Harmony and rhythm in teamwork arrangements for innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 68(3), 601–647.
Kostopoulos, K. C., Spanos, Y. E., & Prastacos, G. P. (2013). Structure and function of team learning emergence: A multilevel empirical validation. Journal of Management, 39(6), 1430–1461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311419366
Morland, K. V., Breslin, D., & Stevenson, F. (2019). Development of a multi-level learning framework. The Learning Organization, 26(1), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-04-2018-0080